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China Square Steel Pipe Suppliers - High Quality SHS Factory for Structural and Engineering Applications
Detailed Description of Square Steel Pipe (SHS)
Square Hollow Section (SHS) is a structural pipe manufactured by high frequency resistance welding (ERW) or thermoforming process. ERW process cold bends the steel strip into a round pipe and welds it, then presses the square through the calibrating roll, and heat treats it to eliminate the stress after welding, so the dimensional accuracy reaches ±0.5mm. Thermoforming process heats the round pipe billet to 900–950°C and expands the square hydraulically, so it realizes the homogeneous structure without weld seams, and the uniformity of the wall thickness is more than 95%.
The closed section provides excellent torsional resistance. High strength and light weight (HSLA steel strength ≥355MPa), right-angled edges are easy to weld around the whole circumference, which is the preferred solution for building frames, machinery trusses and other load-bearing structures.
- 🔩 ERW Process: Dimensional accuracy ±0.5mm, cost-effective for standard sizes
- 🔥 Thermoforming: Heated to 900–950°C, seamless structure, wall uniformity >95%
- 🏗️ Closed Section: Superior torsional resistance for structural applications
- ⚙️ HSLA Steel: Yield strength ≥355MPa — high strength with lightweight advantage
- ✅ Right-Angled Edges: Full circumference welding for frames, trusses & load-bearing structures
Key Parameters for Square Steel Pipe
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Manufacturing Process | ERW (Cold Formed or Hot Formed), Seamless (less common for SHS) |
| Standards | ASTM A500 Gr. A, B, C, D | EN10219 S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H | EN10210 S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355NH, S355NLH | JIS G3466 STKR400, STKR490 | AS/NZS 1163 C250, C350, C450 |
| Steel Grade | Q195, Q235, Q345 (Chinese Standards); Gr. A, B, C, D (ASTM A500); S235, S275, S355 (EN Standards); STKR400, STKR490 (JIS) |
| Size (Side × Side) | 15×15mm to 500×500mm (larger sizes may be available) |
| Wall Thickness (WT) | 0.8mm to 25mm (varies with size and standard) |
| Length | Usually 6m or 12m; can be customized (e.g., 5.8m for container loading) |
| Corner Radius | Typically 2T to 3T (T = Wall Thickness), varies by standard |
| Surface Treatment | Black (bare/self-color), Oiled, Galvanized (Hot-dip or Pre-galvanized), Painted/Powder Coated |
| Inspection | Dimensional Check, Tensile Test, Yield Strength, Elongation, Weld Test (for ERW), Chemical Analysis |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q
What is the difference between ERW and thermoformed Square Hollow Sections?
ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) SHS is cold-formed from steel strip and welded, offering tight dimensional tolerances of ±0.5mm at a lower cost. Thermoformed SHS is heated to 900–950°C and hydraulically expanded, producing a seamless-like structure with over 95% wall thickness uniformity — ideal for high-stress applications requiring superior structural integrity.
Q
What sizes are available for Square Steel Pipes?
Standard SHS sizes range from 15×15mm up to 500×500mm, with wall thicknesses from 0.8mm to 25mm. Custom sizes beyond this range may also be available depending on the manufacturer and order volume. Lengths are typically 6m or 12m, with custom lengths such as 5.8m available for optimized container shipping.
Q
Which international standards apply to Square Hollow Sections?
SHS products are manufactured under multiple international standards including ASTM A500 (North America), EN10219 and EN10210 (Europe), JIS G3466 (Japan), and AS/NZS 1163 (Australia/New Zealand). The applicable standard depends on the project location, engineering specifications, and end-use requirements.
Q
What surface treatment options are available for Square Steel Pipes?
SHS can be supplied with various surface treatments to suit different environments and applications: Black (bare/self-color) for general use, Oiled for corrosion protection during transit, Hot-dip or Pre-galvanized for long-term outdoor corrosion resistance, and Painted or Powder Coated for aesthetic and protective finishes.
Q
What are the main structural advantages of Square Hollow Sections?
SHS offers a closed cross-section that delivers excellent torsional resistance compared to open sections like angles or channels. The right-angled edges allow full circumference welding for strong connections. Combined with HSLA steel grades achieving yield strengths of ≥355MPa, SHS provides a high strength-to-weight ratio, making it ideal for building frames, machinery trusses, and other load-bearing structures.
Q
What quality inspections are performed on Square Steel Pipes?
Quality control for SHS typically includes dimensional checks (side length, wall thickness, straightness), mechanical testing (tensile strength, yield strength, elongation), weld integrity testing for ERW products, and chemical composition analysis. These inspections ensure the pipes meet the specified standard requirements and are safe for structural use.