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Detailed Description of Square Steel Pipe (SHS)
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ERW Process: Cold-bent steel strip welded into round pipe, then pressed square — dimensional accuracy ±0.5mm
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Thermoforming: Heated to 900–950°C, hydraulically expanded — seamless structure, wall thickness uniformity >95%
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HSLA Steel: Strength ≥355MPa — high strength, lightweight with excellent torsional resistance
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Right-Angled Edges: Easy full-circumference welding — ideal for building frames & machinery trusses
Square Hollow Section (SHS) is a structural pipe manufactured by high frequency resistance welding (ERW) or thermoforming process. ERW process cold bends the steel strip into a round pipe and welds it, then presses the square through the calibrating roll, and heat treats it to eliminate the stress after welding, so the dimensional accuracy reaches ±0.5mm. Thermoforming process heats the round pipe billet to 900–950°C and expands the square hydraulically, so it realizes the homogeneous structure without weld seams, and the uniformity of the wall thickness is more than 95%. The closed section provides excellent torsional resistance. High strength and light weight (HSLA steel strength ≥355MPa), right-angled edges are easy to weld around the whole circumference, which is the preferred solution for building frames, machinery trusses and other load-bearing structures.
Key Parameters for Square Steel Pipe
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Manufacturing Process | ERW (Cold Formed or Hot Formed), Seamless (less common for SHS) |
| Standards | ASTM A500 (Gr. A, B, C, D), EN10219 (S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H), EN10210 (S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355NH, S355NLH), JIS G3466 (STKR400, STKR490), AS/NZS 1163 (C250, C350, C450) |
| Steel Grade | Q195, Q235, Q345 (Chinese Standards); Gr. A, B, C, D (ASTM A500); S235, S275, S355 (EN Standards); STKR400, STKR490 (JIS) |
| Size (Side x Side) | 15×15mm to 500×500mm (larger sizes may be available) |
| Wall Thickness (WT) | 0.8mm to 25mm (varies with size and standard) |
| Length | Usually 6m or 12m; can be customized (e.g., 5.8m for container loading) |
| Corner Radius | Typically 2T to 3T (T = Wall Thickness), varies by standard |
| Surface Treatment | Black (bare/self-color), Oiled, Galvanized (Hot-dip or Pre-galvanized), Painted/Powder Coated |
| Inspection | Dimensional Check, Tensile Test, Yield Strength, Elongation, Weld Test (for ERW), Chemical Analysis |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1
What is the difference between ERW and thermoformed Square Hollow Section (SHS)?
ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) SHS is cold-formed from steel strip and welded longitudinally, offering tight dimensional tolerances of ±0.5mm and cost efficiency for standard structural applications. Thermoformed SHS is produced by heating a round billet to 900–950°C and hydraulically forming it into a square shape, resulting in a seamless-equivalent structure with superior wall thickness uniformity (>95%) and no weld seam — preferred for demanding load-bearing or pressure applications.
Q2
Which international standards apply to Square Steel Pipes (SHS)?
Square Steel Pipes are produced under several major international standards: ASTM A500 (North America, Grades A/B/C/D), EN 10219 and EN 10210 (Europe, grades S235–S355), JIS G3466 (Japan, STKR400/STKR490), and AS/NZS 1163 (Australia/New Zealand, C250/C350/C450). Chinese standard grades such as Q195, Q235, and Q345 are also widely used in global supply.
Q3
What size range is available for Square Hollow Sections?
Standard SHS sizes range from 15×15mm up to 500×500mm in side dimension, with wall thicknesses from 0.8mm to 25mm depending on the size and applicable standard. Custom sizes beyond this range may be available upon request. Standard lengths are typically 6m or 12m, with customized cutting available (e.g., 5.8m for optimized container loading).
Q4
What surface treatment options are available for Square Steel Pipes?
SHS can be supplied with several surface finishes to suit different environments and application requirements: Black (bare/self-color) for general structural use, Oiled for short-term corrosion protection during transit, Hot-dip Galvanized or Pre-galvanized for long-term outdoor corrosion resistance, and Painted or Powder Coated for decorative or enhanced protective finishes.
Q5
Why is Square Hollow Section preferred for structural frames and trusses?
SHS offers a unique combination of structural advantages: its closed section geometry provides excellent torsional and bending resistance compared to open sections. The right-angled flat edges allow full-circumference welding for strong, clean connections. With HSLA steel grades achieving strength ≥355MPa at relatively low weight, SHS delivers high load-bearing efficiency — making it the preferred choice for building frames, machinery trusses, columns, and other structural applications.
Q6
What quality inspections are performed on Square Steel Pipes?
Quality control for SHS typically includes: Dimensional Inspection (side length, wall thickness, straightness, corner radius), Mechanical Testing (tensile strength, yield strength, elongation), Weld Integrity Testing for ERW products (hydrostatic or non-destructive weld testing), and Chemical Composition Analysis to verify compliance with the specified steel grade and standard. Mill test certificates (MTC) are provided upon request.